What are the rules for learner drivers? In short: be old enough, hold a provisional licence, show L-plates front and back, drive only when supervised by a qualified person, be insured to drive, and stay off motorways except with an approved driving instructor.
When you can start
You can apply for a provisional licence from age 15 years and 9 months, and you can start driving a car on the road at 17. If you get the enhanced rate of the mobility component of Personal Independence Payment (PIP), you can start at 16. You must be able to read a number plate from 20 metres, with glasses or contact lenses if you need them. See our provisional licence guide for how to apply.
L-plates
You must display L-plates (red L on a white background) that are clearly visible on the front and rear of the vehicle whenever you are driving as a learner. In Wales you can use either L-plates or D-plates. Remove or cover them when a fully licensed driver is using the car.
Who can supervise you
Anyone supervising you must be at least 21, hold a full driving licence for the type of car you're driving (manual or automatic), and have held it for at least three years - and they must not be banned from driving. Because they are legally in charge of the car, they must sit in the front passenger seat, stay within the drink- and drug-drive limits, and must not use a handheld phone, sat nav or tablet. It is also illegal for them to accept any payment - including money for fuel - unless they are a qualified instructor. This applies whether you practise with a professional instructor or with family or friends.
Insurance
You must be insured to drive as a learner. If you are practising in your own car you need your own learner policy; if you are using someone else's car, either their insurance must cover you as a learner or you take out separate learner driver insurance. Driving uninsured is a serious offence.
Motorways
Learners are allowed on motorways, but only when accompanied by an approved driving instructor (ADI) in a car with dual controls. You cannot practise on the motorway with family or friends. Motorway lessons are optional and are usually taken once you are close to test standard or after you pass.